If your exam has logical reasoning puzzles, you may want to try the logic questions with answers on this page.
Many exams like the LSAT and AMCAT will have a subtest with logic questions, so you will need be able to work out answers to the following types of questions:
Examples of Logic Questions with Answers
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning means that you are given the facts in a question, and you have to find the conclusion based on the information provided.
Example:
Use the information in the below to answer the question that follows.
- An orchard grows apples for resale. If the apple is 8 inches or more around, it is classified as grade A and sold to exclusive retailers.
- If the apple measures less than 8 inches around, but more than 4 inches around, it is classified as grade B and sold to wholesalers.
- If the apple measures 4 inches or less around it is classified as grade C.
- Apples with a grade C classification are rejected for human consumption and are sold to animal food manufacturers.
If an apple measures exactly 4 inches around, which of the following statements could be true?
A) The apple will be classified as grade B.
B) The apple will be sold to exclusive retailers.
C) The apple will be sold to wholesalers.
D) The apple will not be eaten by people.
The correct answer is D. Read the facts of problems like this one very carefully. The facts provided in the problem tell us that if an apple measures 4 inches or less around it is classified as grade C, which is sold to animal food manufacturers. The apple in this problem is exactly 4 inches, so it is a grade C apple. Therefore, the apple will not be eaten by people, but animals.
Inductive reasoning
In inductive reasoning logic questions, you will be given a result, and you will need to work backwards with the information to find specific details for the answers.
Example:
Read the information below and answer the question that follows.
- If door A is locked with the red key, then door B is locked with the blue key.
- If door B is locked with the blue key, then door C is locked with the green key.
- The key that locks door B also locks door D.
If door A is locked with the red key, then which of the following must be true?
A) Door C is locked with the blue key.
B) Door C is locked with the red key.
C) Door D is locked with the blue key.
D) Door D is locked with the red key.
The correct answer is C. If door A is locked with the red key, then door B is locked with the blue key. If the key that locks door B also locks door D, then the blue key is also used to lock door D.
Missing Information
In missing information logic questions, certain facts will be provided and you will need to determine which piece of information is needed in order to solve the problem.
Example:
Read the problem below and then answer the question that follows.
- Tom and Mary are planning a cross-country trip.
- They plan to drive 300 miles each day for seven days.
- Their car can travel 25 miles on one gallon of gasoline.
- How much money in total will they need to pay for gasoline during their trip?
What piece of information is needed in order to answer the problem?
A) The amount of gasoline that the tank of the car can hold.
B) The total amount of miles that they will drive during that week.
C) The price per gallon of gasoline.
D) The day of the week that their journey will begin.
The correct answer is C. In order to solve this problem, we would need to multiply the number of gallons of gasoline used per day by the cost of gasoline per gallon by the number of days traveled in order to calculate the total cost. From these required facts, we are lacking the price of gasoline per gallon.
Veracity of conclusions
For these types of logic questions, four conclusions are provided and you need to decide which one of them could be true.
Example:
Use the information below to answer the question that follows.
- Classes in the morning last for 45 minutes, but classes in the afternoon last for 50 minutes.
- Lunch begins promptly at 12:30 pm and finishes promptly at 1:00 pm.
- There are 3 classes after lunch and 4 classes before lunch.
- There are no breaks between classes or between classes and lunch.
Which one of the following statements could be true?
A) Classes begin at 9:30am.
B) Classes begin at 10:00am.
C) The second class after lunch begins at 2:00pm.
D) The second class after lunch begins at 2:50pm.
The correct answer is A. If classes last for 45 minutes and there are 4 classes before lunch, the morning classes last for 3 hours in total. If lunch is at 12:30, it is therefore possible for classes to begin at 9:30.
Analogies
Analogies are a types of logic questions that involve making comparisons. The comparisons may be object and purpose, part to whole, general to specific, or cause and effect.
Read these logic questions, get comfortable with the analogy types, and then study the answers provided.
Example 1:
Club is to golf as:
A) player is to baseball
B) ball is to bowling
C) racket is to tennis
D) elbow is to arm
The correct answer is C. This is an analogy of object and purpose. A golf club is used to strike the golf ball, just as a tennis racket is used to strike the tennis ball.
Example 2:
Sand is to beach as:
A) water is to river
B) baking is to oven
C) movie is to entertainment
D) car is to engine
The correct answer is A. This is an analogy of a part to the whole. The beach is made of sand, just as the river is made of water.
Patterns
You may also need to identify patterns in time, numbers, or dates.
Illustrations or visual patterns might be shown for other question types.
Example:
Classes at a particular university begin at the following times.
| 11:05 am |
| 12:20 pm |
| 1:35 pm |
| 2:50 pm |
If the pattern continues, when does the next class begin?
A) 3:05 pm
B) 3:15 pm
C) 3:45 pm
D) 4:05 pm
The correct answer is D. Each class is an hour and fifteen minutes long. Adding an hour and fifteen minutes to the last time, which is 2:50 pm, gives us an answer of 4:05 pm.
Complex word problems
Complex word problems will give the facts in narrative form, instead of a list of points. Have a look at the word problem logic puzzles with answers below.
Question 1:
The day before the day before yesterday was two days after Tuesday. What day is it?
Answer 1:
The correct answer is Sunday. Word problems like this backwards. Two days after Tuesday is Thursday. The day before the day before yesterday was three days after Thursday, which was Sunday.
Question 2:
Mark was 21st in line to get tickets for the concert. He was also 21st from the back of the line. How many people were in this line?
Answer 2:
The correct answer is 41. There are twenty people in line in front of Mark and twenty people in line behind Mark, plus Mark himself. So, there are 41 people in the line.
Decoding words
For these types of questions, you will need to decipher how words are written in code or unscramble letter jumbles to make a word. Now look at these logic questions, with the answers provided after each question.
Example 1:
If CART is spelled in code as ECTV. How is HOME written in code?
The answer is JQOG. To crack the code, you need to find the relationship between use the
Example 2:
Unscramble the letters to form an English word:
A E U E D H S T X
The correct answer is: exhausted. The letter x is not used frequently in English words, so this should be your starting point.